Comparing the Grit Scales’ Structural Validity and Measurement Invariance Across Educational Attainment and Age

Researchers developed the Original Grit Scale (Grit-O), Short (Grit-S), and Grit-5 to investigate role of grit in explaining educational vocational outcomes. The present study examined structure psychometric characteristics these three measures using data from residents United States (n = 1,915) who completed Grit-O online. We conducted confirmatory factor analyses Kline’s (2016) method assessing local fit measurement invariance testing across five age four attainment groups a three-indicator approach. single- two-factor models did not data. However, bifactor model, Grit-S single-factor models, demonstrated excellent global strong configural, metric, scalar attainment. Although model well, it have metric groups. produced best all tested; however, parameter estimates for perseverance effort subscale were low or negative. Therefore, only total score consistency interests appeared be appropriate its components. In contrast, indicated that both scores measure provide meaningful information. Overall, our results suggest researchers clinicians can confidently employ several due their properties.